What anatomical structures can be assessed during a rectal exam in males?

During a rectal exam in male canines, the primary anatomical structures that can be assessed include the prostate and the pelvic urethra. The prostate is located just near the rectum and can be palpated through the rectal wall, allowing a veterinarian to evaluate its size, shape, and consistency, which are important indicators of potential health issues, such as prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Additionally, the pelvic urethra can also be assessed during this examination. It is the part of the urethra that runs through the pelvic canal and can assist in identifying any abnormalities or injuries that may affect urinary function.

The other anatomical structures listed do not pertain to what can be typically assessed through a rectal exam in males. Structures like the bowel and bladder may be evaluated, but they are not the primary focus of a rectal exam. The spleen and kidneys, as well as the heart and lungs, are located in different anatomical regions and cannot be adequately assessed through a rectal examination. Thus, the correct focus during this type of exam revolves around the prostate and pelvic urethra.