What are ear infections commonly assessed for during canine exams?

Ear infections in canines are primarily assessed for specific visual and olfactory signs, which include redness, discharge, and odor. When a veterinarian or technician examines a dog's ears, they are looking for swelling or inflammation of the ear canal, which often manifests as redness. Additionally, discharge can indicate the presence of infection, whether it's a waxy build-up or purulent material. An unpleasant odor is another critical indicator, as it frequently accompanies infections and suggests the presence of bacteria or yeast. These signs help the practitioner determine the nature and severity of the infection, enabling appropriate treatment. In contrast, changes in heart rate, weight fluctuations, or joint issues are not directly linked to ear infections and would be assessed separately in a comprehensive examination. This focused approach to identifying ear infection symptoms allows for effective and timely intervention for the affected canine.