What is the significance of examining a dog's eyes during a physical exam?

Examining a dog's eyes during a physical exam is significant primarily for identifying potential systemic diseases. The eyes can be indicators of various health issues that might not be immediately apparent during other parts of the examination. For example, conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune diseases can manifest through changes in the eyes, such as cataracts, retinal degeneration, or inflammation.

Changes in the color, shape, or clarity of the cornea, as well as abnormalities in the retina and optic nerve, can offer crucial insights into the overall health of the dog. Additionally, the presence of redness, discharge, or unusual pupil responses can signal underlying health problems that warrant further investigation. Thus, the eye examination is a vital component of assessing a dog's health and can aid in early detection and management of systemic diseases.