What observations would suggest a respiratory issue during an exam?

Abnormal breathing patterns or coughing indicate that there may be a respiratory issue present. The respiratory system is crucial for gas exchange, and any irregularities in breathing can signal problems such as airway obstruction, lung inflammation, or infection. Observations such as labored breathing, wheezing, excessive coughing, or unusual breath sounds are key indicators that warrant further investigation into the animal's respiratory function.

Normal heart rate and energy levels, consistent hydration levels, and bright and alert behavior do not directly point to respiratory issues. While these signs are important for assessing the overall health of the animal, they do not provide specific information about the status of the respiratory system. Thus, abnormal breathing patterns or coughing are the most telling signs that something could be wrong with the dog's respiratory function.