What type of exam includes an assessment of cranial nerves, mentation and gait?

The assessment of cranial nerves, mentation, and gait is indicative of a neurological exam. This type of examination focuses specifically on the nervous system, which encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

During a neurological exam, a veterinarian evaluates the function of the cranial nerves by assessing movements and responses of the eyes, face, and other sensory organs to determine any abnormalities. Mentation is observed to assess a dog's level of consciousness and cognitive function. Changes in gait, such as impaired movement or coordination, can reveal neurological deficits that may indicate injury or disease affecting the nervous system.

In contrast, an abdominal exam focuses on the organ systems within the abdomen and is not concerned with neurologic functions. A physical exam is broader in scope and will include various aspects of the animal's overall health, such as a general physical assessment, but does not specifically zero in on the neurological system like a neurological exam does. A dermatological exam is centered on the skin and coat, looking for issues such as infections, allergies, or other skin conditions. Therefore, the presence of cranial nerve assessment, mentation evaluation, and gait analysis distinctly points to a neurological exam as the correct answer.