Which component is included in the examination of range of motion?

The examination of range of motion in a canine assessment encompasses multiple components that provide a comprehensive view of a dog's joint health and mobility. Including every joint is crucial because it allows the evaluator to identify potential limitations or issues in specific areas, ensuring that no abnormalities are overlooked.

Pain is another critical factor; it helps to determine how the dog responds to movement. The presence of pain during the examination can indicate underlying conditions, such as arthritis or injury, which might hinder the dog's ability to move freely.

Swelling is also an important aspect to observe, as it may signify inflammation or an injury that could affect the range of motion. Swelling can indicate an underlying issue that needs to be addressed, potentially complicating the joint's movement.

Thus, all these components—every joint, pain, and swelling—are integral to accurately assessing range of motion, and their collective evaluation offers valuable insight into the overall musculoskeletal health of the canine.