Which method can be used to assess pain levels in dogs?

The use of pain scales specific for veterinary use, such as the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale, is a valid and structured method for assessing pain levels in dogs. These scales are designed to provide a comprehensive assessment that includes various factors such as physiological signs, behavioral responses, and specific nuances related to the dog's condition. They can effectively quantify the intensity of pain experienced by the animal, making it easier for veterinarians to diagnose and manage pain appropriately.

In contrast, relying solely on a physical exam may overlook subtle signs of pain that are not immediately evident, and depending only on an owner's subjective opinion could lead to inconsistencies in pain assessment, given that different owners may perceive and interpret pain differently. Behavioral observation alone is also limited since it may not capture all aspects of pain, especially in animals, as dogs can exhibit varying responses to pain based on their temperament and experiences. Therefore, a structured pain scale provides a more reliable and accurate assessment tool that can enhance the quality of care provided to canine patients.