Which of the following is a component of the musculoskeletal exam?

Lameness is a vital component of a musculoskeletal exam as it directly assesses the functioning and health of the bones, joints, muscles, and soft tissues in a canine. Observing a dog's gait and determining any signs of discomfort or abnormal movement patterns can provide crucial insights into potential injuries, arthritis, or other musculoskeletal disorders.

In contrast, assessing pulsating arteries primarily pertains to evaluating cardiovascular health, while heart rate measurement assesses the dog's vital signs and overall cardiovascular function rather than musculoskeletal integrity. Skin elasticity is relevant in hydration status and skin health, not specifically related to the musculoskeletal system. Hence, lameness is the most appropriate focus when examining the musculoskeletal system in dogs.